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Related Concept Videos

Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is responsible...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Mouse Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Procedure Aided by Microscopy
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A Mouse Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Procedure Aided by Microscopy

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Liver and heart: a new link?

Stefano Bellentani1, Giorgio Bedogni, Claudio Tiribelli

  • 1Centro Studi Nutrizione e Fegato, Ospedale Ramazzini Carpi - Azienda USL di Modena, Via G. Molinari, 2 Carpi 42100, Italy. stefano.bellentani@unimore.it

Journal of Hepatology
|June 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels predict coronary heart disease (CHD) events in older adults. This association remains significant even after accounting for metabolic syndrome and traditional risk factors, suggesting ALT

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A Mouse Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Procedure Aided by Microscopy
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Published on: January 19, 2024

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Extended 78% Hepatectomy in a Mouse Surgical Model

Published on: May 24, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hepatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a liver enzyme linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).
  • Previous research indicates ALT's association with endothelial dysfunction and carotid atherosclerosis.
  • This study investigates ALT's predictive value for mortality and cardiovascular events in a Caucasian cohort.

Discussion:

  • The study assessed the 10-year risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) in relation to ALT levels.
  • Cox survival analysis was employed in a population-based cohort of 1439 Caucasian men and women aged 50-75.
  • Results showed increased hazard ratios for mortality, CVD, and CHD events in the upper tertile of ALT compared to the first.

Key Insights:

  • Higher ALT levels significantly predict incident coronary heart disease (CHD) events.
  • The predictive value of ALT for CHD events is independent of metabolic syndrome components and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
  • The association between elevated ALT and increased risk of coronary events warrants further investigation.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to confirm these findings in diverse populations.
  • Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms linking ALT to cardiovascular risk is crucial.
  • ALT may serve as a valuable biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification.