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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
11:29

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Molecular alterations in prostate cancer.

Mark A Reynolds1

  • 1Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. markr@gen-probe.com

Cancer Letters
|June 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Identifying reliable genetic markers for aggressive prostate cancer remains a challenge. This review summarizes molecular alterations and proposes future research directions for improved clinical staging.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prostate tumors exhibit diverse clinical behaviors, from indolent to metastatic.
  • Current molecular staging lacks definitive genetic markers for aggressive disease.
  • Molecular alterations in prostate cancer involve epigenetic changes, polymorphisms, and post-translational modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on molecular alterations in prostate cancer.
  • To identify mechanisms driving tumor heterogeneity.
  • To provide recommendations for future research in molecular staging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature survey of gene expression profiling studies.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms in prostate carcinomas.

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Published on: November 19, 2019

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)
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MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

Published on: May 16, 2012

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
12:13

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Published on: November 19, 2019

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)
08:30

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

Published on: May 16, 2012

  • Synthesis of findings on epigenetic, genetic, and post-translational alterations.

    • Main Results:

    • Prostate cancer molecular alterations are diverse, including epigenetic and genetic factors.
    • Noncoding RNAs may play a role in post-translational modulations.
    • No definitive genetic markers are currently established for clinical prediction of aggressive disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to identify robust genetic markers for prostate cancer.
    • Understanding diverse molecular mechanisms is crucial for improved staging.
    • Future studies should explore noncoding RNAs and integrated multi-omics approaches.