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Closed, nonendoscopic, small-incision forehead lift
1Marten Clinic of Plastic Surgery, 450 Sutter Street, Suite 2222, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA. publicationinfo@martenclinic.com
Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|June 19, 2008
Summary
Plastic surgeons can perform closed forehead lifts without an endoscope by understanding anatomy and using a transpalpebral approach for corrugator muscle modification. This technique minimizes medial brow elevation, offering an advantage over endoscopic methods.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Minimally Invasive Techniques
Background:
- Endoscopic techniques have been adapted for forehead lift procedures.
- The "closed" forehead lift is a widely accepted alternative to open surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a method for performing closed foreheadplasty without an endoscope.
- To demonstrate how transpalpebral corrugator myectomy can minimize medial brow elevation.
Main Methods:
- Understanding forehead anatomy and planning the operation.
- Modifying corrugator supercilii muscles via a transpalpebral approach.
- Performing closed forehead mobilization and resuspension.
Main Results:
- A closed foreheadplasty can be achieved without an endoscope.
- Transpalpebral corrugator myectomy, combined with closed forehead techniques, avoids the need for endoscopy.
- Medial brow elevation can be minimized or avoided using this method.
Conclusions:
- A non-endoscopic closed foreheadplasty is feasible and effective.
- Transpalpebral corrugator myectomy is a key component in this technique.
- This approach offers advantages over endoscopic forehead lifts, particularly in controlling medial brow position.
