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Anisakis simplex as a risk factor for relapsing acute urticaria: a case-control study.

H Falcão¹, N Lunet, E Neves

¹Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Porto University Medical School, Portugal.

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

|June 19, 2008

Summary

Sensitisation to Anisakis simplex (a parasite) significantly increases the risk of developing relapsing acute urticaria. This association holds true even when controlling for other common allergens like Ascaris and aeroallergens.

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Published on: December 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Immunology
Parasitology
Allergology

Background:

IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex is linked to fish consumption, potentially causing acute urticaria and anaphylaxis.
Anisakis simplex allergens resist heat and freezing, enabling sensitization even with low raw fish intake.
This study investigates the link between Anisakis simplex sensitization and recurrent acute urticaria.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the association between Anisakis simplex sensitization and relapsing acute urticaria.
To determine if Anisakis simplex sensitization independently increases the risk of acute urticaria.

Main Methods:

A case-control study involving 200 patients with relapsing acute urticaria and 200 controls.
Specific IgE measurements for Anisakis and Ascaris were performed.
Skin-prick tests included Anisakis simplex, common aeroallergens, fish, and Ascaris.

Main Results:

Sensitization to Anisakis simplex showed a significant association with increased acute urticaria risk (OR 3.86).
Sensitization to Ascaris, fish, and aeroallergens also correlated with higher acute urticaria risk.
Anisakis simplex sensitization remained a significant risk factor after adjusting for aeroallergen sensitization (aOR 2.61).

Conclusions:

Anisakis simplex sensitization elevates the risk of relapsing acute urticaria.
This risk is independent of sensitization to Ascaris or fish.
The findings highlight Anisakis simplex as a key allergen in unexplained recurrent acute urticaria.