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Stress reduction through consolation in chimpanzees.

Orlaith N Fraser1, Daniel Stahl, Filippo Aureli

  • 1Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 19, 2008
PubMed
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Consolation in chimpanzees reduces stress in recipients of aggression. This postconflict affiliative behavior may serve as an alternative to reconciliation, especially between valuable social partners.

Area of Science:

  • Primatology
  • Ethology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Consolation, a postconflict affiliative interaction from a third party to an aggression recipient, is hypothesized to alleviate stress.
  • The stress-alleviating function of consolation has not been empirically demonstrated.
  • Understanding consolation is crucial for debates on empathy in great apes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the stress-alleviating function of consolation in chimpanzees.
  • To investigate the relationship between consolation and reconciliation.
  • To explore the role of relationship quality in consolation.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of wild chimpanzees.
  • Behavioral coding of postconflict interactions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of stress-related behaviors in recipients of aggression.

    • Main Results:

    • Consolation significantly reduced behavioral measures of stress in recipients of aggression.
    • Consolation was more likely to occur when reconciliation between former opponents did not happen.
    • Consolation was more frequent between individuals with higher-value relationships.

    Conclusions:

    • Consolation in chimpanzees demonstrably alleviates stress in recipients of aggression.
    • Consolation may function as an alternative to reconciliation when reconciliation is not feasible.
    • Empathic responses, like consolation, are influenced by the quality of social relationships in chimpanzees.