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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
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Protein Organization01:13

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Protein Organization01:24

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Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

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Comparative architecture of octahedral protein cages. I. Indexed enclosing forms.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography·2008
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Investigating Protein Sequence-structure-dynamics Relationships with Bio3D-web
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Comparative architecture of octahedral protein cages. II. Interplay between structural elements.

Aloysio Janner1

  • 1Theoretical Physics, Radboud University, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands. a.janner@science.ru.nl

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of Crystallography
|June 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how protein structures, like ferritins, assemble. Turning points in protein chains define secondary structures, aiding in understanding quaternary assembly into cubic cages.

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Analyzing Protein Architectures and Protein-Ligand Complexes by Integrative Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Analyzing Protein Architectures and Protein-Ligand Complexes by Integrative Structural Mass Spectrometry

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Investigating Protein Sequence-structure-dynamics Relationships with Bio3D-web
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Analyzing Protein Architectures and Protein-Ligand Complexes by Integrative Structural Mass Spectrometry
07:33

Analyzing Protein Architectures and Protein-Ligand Complexes by Integrative Structural Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Biophysics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Four octahedral holoenzymes (bacterioferritin, mitochondrial ferritin, small heat-shock protein, sulfur oxygenase reductase) were analyzed.
  • Previous work established enclosing forms of monomers with vertices on a cubic lattice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a sequential ordering of protein residues based on their spatial arrangement.
  • To correlate structural features with protein assembly mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of C(alpha) atom paths to define monomeric polyline sequences.
  • Plotting angular changes in polyline segments and planes against residue number and form vertices.
  • Developing connectivity models for monomer self-assembly.

Main Results:

  • A direct correspondence was found between form vertices (turning points) and secondary structure elements (alpha-helices, beta-strands, loops).
  • An alternative characterization of ternary structure was achieved through angular analysis.
  • Two connectivity models proposed potential self-assembly pathways for cubic cage quaternary structures.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a novel method for characterizing protein structure and assembly.
  • Understanding monomer arrangement is key to predicting quaternary structure formation.
  • This approach offers insights into the self-assembly of complex protein cages.