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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Immunization issues in pediatric travelers.

Corryn S Greenwood1, Nicholas P Greenwood, Philip R Fischer

  • 1Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. greenwood.corryn@mayo.edu

Expert Review of Vaccines
|June 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric travelers need updated immunizations before international journeys. Vaccine schedules may require adjustments for premature, young, or immunocompromised children, with customized plans based on individual health and travel plans.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric travel medicine
  • Immunology
  • Public health

Background:

  • International travel among children is rising.
  • Ensuring adequate immunization for pediatric travelers is crucial.
  • Routine vaccine schedules may need modification for specific pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on immunizations for pediatric travelers.
  • To highlight considerations for vaccinating vulnerable pediatric groups.
  • To guide healthcare providers in customizing vaccine strategies for children traveling internationally.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific evidence on pediatric travel immunizations.
  • Analysis of vaccine response in premature, young, and immunocompromised children.
  • Examination of accelerated vaccine schedules and customized protocols.

Main Results:

  • Premature and young children may have altered responses to certain vaccines, necessitating adjusted timing and dosage.
  • Immunocompromised children require individualized vaccination strategies based on their immune status.
  • Accelerated vaccine schedules are a viable option for imminent travel.
  • Personalized vaccine decisions are supported by scientific evidence, considering age, health, and itinerary.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers must be knowledgeable about routine and specialized immunization schedules for pediatric travelers.
  • Tailoring vaccine decisions to individual children's needs is essential for safe and effective international travel.
  • Proactive and informed immunization practices are key to protecting children undertaking international journeys.