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Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

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Experience-dependent plasticity: differential changes in activation associated with repeated reinforcement.

M W Schlund¹, J Rosales-Ruiz, M Vaidya

¹Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA. schlund@kennedykrieger.org <schlund@kennedykrieger.org>

|June 21, 2008

Summary

Neuroimaging reveals how the brain

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes reflect brain activity and are used to study neural plasticity.
Understanding experience-dependent plasticity is crucial for both basic and clinical neuroscience research.
Previous research has explored BOLD signal changes but with less focus on consecutive cue-response-reinforcer learning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate experience-dependent changes in BOLD signals during learning of novel cue-response-reinforcer associations.
To examine differential BOLD responses to consecutive visual cues and subsequent reinforcer deliveries.
To explore the utility of BOLD signal variability as an index of neural plasticity and neuropathology.

Main Methods:

Functional neuroimaging (fMRI) was employed with a modified repeated acquisition design.
Ten adult subjects learned novel cue-response-reinforcer relationships through trial and error.
BOLD responses were analyzed separately for consecutive cue presentations and reinforcer deliveries.

Main Results:

Consecutive visual cues rapidly increased activation in the anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus.
Consecutive reinforcers rapidly increased activation in the left precuneus, lingual, and fusiform gyri.
Both cues and reinforcers modulated BOLD signals in medial temporal lobe structures and the striatum, with distinct temporal patterns.

Conclusions:

Experience-dependent BOLD signal changes provide insights into regional brain plasticity and dynamic shifts in cognitive processes.
BOLD signal variability offers a novel supplemental index for clinical research and understanding neuropathology.
This study highlights the dynamic nature of neural responses to learning and reward.