Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Molecular and cellular characterization of Plasmodium berghei PPM9 phosphatase, an enzyme dispensable during both asexual and sexual life cycle stages.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Human-to-animal transmission cases of the anthropophilic dermatophyte species Trichophyton tonsurans in France, 2021-2025.

Medical mycology·2026

Same author

Genotype structure of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex from companion animals in France reveals restricted diversity.

Medical mycology·2026

Same author

High frequency and high genetic diversity of Pneumocystis sp. in foals.

Medical mycology·2026

Same author

Terpenic compounds possess anthelmintic and immunomodulatory properties with potential for controlling equine cyathostomin infections.

International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance·2026

Same author

Comparison of three culture media for testing susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to four antifungal agents by a microdilution method and gradient diffusion strips.

Medical mycology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2014

Pneumocystis species, co-evolution and pathogenic power.

Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis¹, Magali Chabé, Christine Demanche

¹Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EA3609 Lille 2 University, IFR-142 Lille Pasteur Institute, France.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases

|June 21, 2008

Summary

Pneumocystis are diverse fungi that infect mammal lungs, including humans. Recent studies reveal their complex biology, host specificity, and widespread colonization, impacting both immunocompromised and healthy individuals.

More Related Videos

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2014

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Mycology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

The genus Pneumocystis consists of uncultured microfungi known for causing severe pneumonitis, particularly Pneumocystis jirovecii in humans.
Historically viewed as opportunistic pathogens, recent research highlights their complex biology and ecological significance beyond pathogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive understanding of Pneumocystis biology, evolution, and host interactions.
To emphasize the recognition of Pneumocystis as complex natural entities, not solely defined by their pathogenic role.

Main Methods:

Phylogenetic analysis to define species based on genetic divergence.
Cross-infection experiments to determine host specificity (stenoxenous nature).
Molecular techniques to assess prevalence and transmission mechanisms in wild mammal populations.

Main Results:

Five distinct Pneumocystis species have been identified: P. carinii and P. wakefieldiae (rats), P. jirovecii (humans), P. murina (mice), and P. oryctolagi (rabbits).
Evidence of widespread colonization in wild mammals, transmitted horizontally and vertically.
Pneumocystis species exhibit cophylogeny with mammals, indicating a long evolutionary history (over 100 million years).

Conclusions:

Pneumocystis are ancient lung inhabitants with successful adaptation strategies for colonizing both immunocompromised and healthy hosts.
While Pneumocystis pneumonia is rare in wild mammals, infections in immunocompetent hosts are increasingly recognized as significant for both human and animal health.
Further research is needed to understand the broader spectrum of Pneumocystis infections and their implications in natural populations.