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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[The effect of selenium therapy on autoimmune thyroiditis].

Csaba Balázs1

  • 1Budai Irgalmasrendi Kórház Belgyógyászat Budapest. drbalazs@irgalmas.hu

Orvosi Hetilap
|June 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Selenium supplementation, combined with L-thyroxine, effectively reduces antithyroid antibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. This therapy also improved antioxidant capacity and thyroid function without observed side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant properties impacting endocrine and immune functions.
  • Elevated free oxygen radicals play a role in thyroid hormone synthesis, suggesting selenium's potential relevance in thyroid health.
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, such as antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of selenium therapy on antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibody levels.
  • To determine the correlation between antioxidant capacity and autoantibody titers in autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • To assess the impact of selenium supplementation on thyroid function and gland volume.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

  • A prospective, blind, placebo-controlled study involving 132 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • Patients received either selenium (L-selenomethionine) or placebo for one year, alongside L-thyroxine therapy to maintain normal TSH levels.
  • Measurements included thyroid hormones (TSH, fT4, fT3), autoantibodies, total antioxidant capacity, and serum selenium levels.

Main Results:

  • Selenium therapy significantly decreased antithyroid antibody titers, particularly antithyroid peroxidase antibodies.
  • An inverse correlation was observed between antioxidant capacity and antithyroid peroxidase antibody levels.
  • Patients receiving selenium showed an improved fT3/fT4 ratio and a slight reduction in thyroid gland volume; no side effects were reported.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium supplementation, when combined with L-thyroxine, is a beneficial therapeutic approach for managing autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • Selenium therapy positively influences key markers of autoimmune thyroiditis, including antibody levels and antioxidant capacity.
  • The findings support selenium's role in supporting thyroid health and immune modulation in autoimmune conditions.