Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Molecular assessment of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 in Brazil: evidence of clonal replacement

Ana-Carolina Chiou1, Soraya Sgambatti Andrade2, Samanta Cristine G Almeida1

  • 1Bacteriology Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|June 21, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Two Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 lineages circulated in Brazil between 1977-2005. A temporal switch occurred, with lineage A, particularly clone Sweden(1)-40, becoming dominant in recent years.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is a leading cause of severe infections in Brazil.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and evolution of prevalent serotypes is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic relatedness of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolates from invasive diseases in Brazil between 1977 and 2005.
  • To identify major genetic lineages and their temporal dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular typing using Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE).
  • Analysis of 134 serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from invasive diseases.
  • Visual inspection and computer-assisted analysis of PFGE patterns.

Main Results:

  • Two major lineages (Type A and Type B) were identified among the 134 isolates.
  • Type A (70.2%) had four subtypes, and Type B (29.8%) had eight subtypes.
  • Subtype A3, representing clone Sweden(1)-40 (ST304), was the most frequent (65%) and increased significantly from 1990, associated with pneumonia and young patients.

Conclusions:

  • A temporal switch between two major lineages of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 was observed in Brazil.
  • Clone Sweden(1)-40 (ST304) has become widely dispersed in recent years.
  • This genetic shift has implications for understanding pneumococcal disease epidemiology in Brazil.

More Related Videos

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination09:11

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Published on: September 25, 2014

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae09:12

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: January 17, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...