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Migration

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.

Gene Flow

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

Cell Migration

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.

Cell Migration

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.

Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Analysis of Cell Migration within a Three-dimensional Collagen Matrix

Analysis of Cell Migration within a Three-dimensional Collagen Matrix

Published on: October 5, 2014

Inferring patterns of migration.

Paul M E Bunje¹, Thierry Wirth

¹Department of Biology, Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|June 21, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding organismal migration patterns is key in evolutionary studies. This research details bioinformatic tools and inference processes for deciphering historical population movements using genetic data.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

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Published on: October 5, 2014

A Cost Effective and Adaptable Scratch Migration Assay

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Published on: June 30, 2020

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

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Published on: November 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Historical organismal movement is central to evolutionary studies.
Inferring migration patterns is complex and requires bioinformatic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe population genetic and phylogeographic methods for deciphering migration.
To discuss the critical inference process in migration studies.

Main Methods:

Utilizing population genetic and phylogeographic methods.
Employing bioinformatic tools for data analysis.
Integrating diverse data types (genotypic, DNA sequence) and sources (direct, symbiotic).

Main Results:

Population genetic and phylogeographic methods are core tools for migration inference.
The inference process, including study design and data analysis, is critical.
Combining different data types and sources enhances migration pattern inference.

Conclusions:

Effective inference of migration patterns relies on a robust suite of bioinformatic tools and a well-defined inference process.
Integrating diverse data sources and types strengthens the power of these techniques.