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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

Extrafoveal processing of objects in a naming task: evidence from word probe experiments.

Jane L Morgan¹, Gius van Elswijk, Antje S Meyer

¹Psychology Group, Faculty of Development and Society, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, England. j.l.morgan@shu.ac.uk

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|June 24, 2008

Summary

This study explored how people process objects outside their direct gaze. Findings show that phonological processing of extrafoveal objects occurs earlier than previously thought, especially for objects on the right.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Visual Perception
Psycholinguistics

Background:

Understanding extrafoveal object processing is crucial for explaining visual attention and object recognition.
Previous research has not fully elucidated the temporal dynamics of phonological processing for unattended objects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the timing and nature of phonological processing for objects viewed peripherally.
To determine if phonological facilitation effects differ based on object location (left vs. right) and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA).

Main Methods:

Two experiments used a double-object naming task with a written word probe replacing objects at varying SOAs.
Participants named the word probe, which was either phonologically related or unrelated to the replaced object.
Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and object location were systematically manipulated.

Main Results:

Phonological facilitation was observed for the left object at a later SOA (350 msec) but not an earlier SOA (150 msec).
Phonological facilitation was observed for the right object at an early SOA (150 msec).
These results suggest earlier processing of the right-sided object compared to the left-sided object.

Conclusions:

Phonological processing of extrafoveal objects can occur rapidly, particularly for stimuli in the right visual field.
This indicates that visual processing and phonological encoding of unattended objects begin before direct fixation.
The findings challenge previous assumptions about the temporal constraints of processing peripheral visual information.