Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026

12:09
Avian Influenza Surveillance with FTA Cards: Field Methods, Biosafety, and Transportation Issues Solved
Published on: August 2, 2011
The English Seasonal Flu Immunization Programme for Poultry Workers 2007: a challenging task
Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England)
|June 24, 2008
Summary
On-site influenza vaccination for poultry workers in Warwickshire significantly exceeded uptake targets. On-site vaccination during work hours proved most effective, while clinics and general practices were underutilized.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Public Health Interventions
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Seasonal influenza vaccination programs were implemented for poultry workers in England during the 2007 winter season.
- Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) were responsible for administering the vaccine to this occupational group.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of different influenza vaccination delivery methods in the poultry worker population.
- To determine the uptake rate of seasonal influenza vaccine among poultry workers in Warwickshire.
Main Methods:
- Vaccination strategies included weekday evening clinics, weekend clinics, on-site farm vaccinations, and general practice appointments.
- The study was conducted in Warwickshire, targeting 253 registered poultry premises.
Main Results:
- On-site vaccination immunized 131 workers, while 88 attended clinics, achieving an overall uptake rate of 32%.
- This uptake rate significantly surpassed the anticipated 20% target.
- General practice vaccination was not utilized by any poultry workers.
Conclusions:
- On-site vaccination during working hours was the most successful delivery method for this population.
- Community clinics and general practices were not effective or accessed for poultry worker vaccination.
- Data reliability from DEFRA/DH for worker contact lists is questionable, impacting program evaluation.
- Addressing communication and access barriers for immigrant and unregistered workers is crucial for future vaccination program success.
Related Concept Videos
Influenza
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Vaccinations
Overview
Vaccine Production
Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Smallpox
Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Chickenpox
Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...

