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Related Concept Videos

Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Speech recognition thresholds in noisy areas: reference values for normal hearing adults.

Marília Oliveira Henriques, Elisiane Crestani de Miranda, Maristela Julio Costa

    Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
    |June 24, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study establishes a crucial reference value for speech recognition in noise for normal-hearing adults. The findings provide essential benchmarks for audiology assessments in everyday noisy environments.

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    Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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    Area of Science:

    • Audiology
    • Speech Perception
    • Psychoacoustics

    Background:

    • Difficulties in speech recognition in noise are common complaints in audiology clinics, affecting even individuals with normal hearing.
    • Audiologists need to assess speech recognition in realistic noisy conditions, not just identify hearing loss.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the reference value for phrase recognition in noisy, free-field conditions for adults with normal hearing.
    • Establish a benchmark for speech perception in noise relevant to daily life scenarios.

    Main Methods:

    • 150 normal-hearing adults (18-64 years) participated in the study conducted in 2005-2006.
    • Phrase lists in Portuguese were presented in a sound-proof booth under free-field conditions.
    • Competitive noise was presented at 65 dB HL with stimuli at 0° azimuth.

    Main Results:

    • The phrase recognition threshold was determined to be -8.14 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
    • This SNR value represents the performance level for normal-hearing individuals in the tested conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The established -8.14 dB SNR is the reference value for free-field phrase recognition in noise for normal-hearing adults.
    • This finding provides a critical benchmark for audiological evaluations of speech-in-noise abilities.