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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
09:10

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Does patellar eversion in total knee arthroplasty cause patella baja?

Vineet Sharma1, Panagiotis G Tsailas, Aditya V Maheshwari

  • 1Ranawat Orthopedic Center, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|June 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA) with patellar eversion rarely causes patella baja. A decrease in the Insall-Salvati ratio did not negatively impact clinical outcomes in TKA patients.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
09:10

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding patellar tendon shortening and acquired patella baja after minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA) due to patellar eversion.
  • The Insall-Salvati ratio is a key metric for assessing patellar tendon length and patellar position.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on the postoperative Insall-Salvati ratio.
  • To determine the incidence of patella baja following standard TKA with routine patellar eversion.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 135 consecutive TKAs in 110 patients.
  • Analysis of the Insall-Salvati ratio before and after surgery.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes using The Knee Society score.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of postoperative patella baja (Insall-Salvati ratio < 0.8) was low.
  • One patient (0.7%) developed patella baja, with moderate Knee Society scores.
  • Five patients (3.7%) experienced a ≥10% decrease in Insall-Salvati ratio without patella baja, showing excellent clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Routine patellar eversion during standard TKA is associated with a low incidence of patella baja.
  • A significant decrease in the Insall-Salvati ratio, without developing patella baja, does not appear to compromise clinical outcomes in TKA patients.