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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

New cochlear implant coding strategy for tonal language speakers.

Lena L N Wong¹, Andrew E Vandali, Valter Ciocca

¹Division of Speech & Hearing Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong. LLNWONG@hku.hk

International Journal of Audiology

|June 24, 2008

Summary

A new cochlear implant strategy (MEM) was tested for Cantonese speech perception. While MEM did not outperform the ACE strategy in noise, it maintained similar performance, suggesting potential for future improvements in tone perception.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Audiology
Speech-Language Pathology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Accurate pitch perception is crucial for understanding lexical tones in Cantonese.
Current cochlear implant (CI) signal processing strategies often yield poor pitch perception.
A novel multi-channel envelope modulation (MEM) strategy aims to enhance fundamental frequency cues.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare speech intelligibility in Cantonese-speaking CI users with the MEM strategy versus conventional strategies.
To evaluate self-reported benefit and user preference for different CI signal processing strategies.

Main Methods:

Nine postlingual adult CI users participated in the study.
Speech intelligibility was assessed using the Cantonese hearing in noise test under various signal-to-noise ratios.
Participants used each strategy for a trial period, with assessments after initial use and extended use.

Main Results:

Speech intelligibility was poorer with the CIS strategy compared to ACE and MEM.
ACE and MEM strategies demonstrated comparable speech intelligibility.
No significant difference in self-reported benefit was found across strategies in most situations.

Conclusions:

The MEM strategy shows comparable performance to ACE in speech recognition for Cantonese CI users.
While MEM did not show an advantage in noise, it did not degrade performance.
Future optimizations of the MEM strategy may enhance fundamental frequency perception and improve tone recognition.