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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Parental influences on earliest memories.

Carole Peterson1, Andrea Smorti, Franca Tani

  • 1Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. carole@mun.ca

Memory (Hove, England)
|June 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Parent-child relationships significantly influence early life memories. Warmer relationships and higher parental involvement correlate with more positive and episodic early memories in men, and earlier earliest memories in women.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research suggests social factors, particularly parent-child dynamics, impact adult recollections of early life.
  • Direct empirical investigation into this relationship is warranted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly assess the influence of parent-child relationships on early memory recall in Italian students.
  • To explore gender differences in this influence.

Main Methods:

  • A timed 3-minute recall task (memory fluency) was used to assess early memories.
  • Participants completed questionnaires on parental involvement and relationship quality with mothers and fathers.

Main Results:

  • For males, increased parental involvement and warmer relationships with both parents correlated with more early memories, more positive memories, and more episodic memories.

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  • For females, a warmer relationship with their mother was associated with an earlier earliest memory.

    • Conclusions:

    • Findings highlight the role of gendered parent-child interactions in shaping autobiographical memory.
    • Results align with life-story theories, suggesting early relationships form foundational elements of personal narratives.