Bilateral first and second branchial cleft fistulas: a case report

Area of Science:

• Developmental biology
• Surgical anatomy
• Pediatric surgery

Background:

• Branchial cleft anomalies, including cysts, sinuses, and fistulas, are rare congenital malformations of the neck.
• Bilateral presentations occur in 2-3% of cases and may suggest a familial inheritance pattern.
• Simultaneous involvement of first and second branchial clefts is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

• This report details a unique case of bilateral first and second branchial cleft fistulas.
• This presentation is exceedingly uncommon, with only one prior report in the English-language literature.
• The case highlights the complexity and rarity of certain branchial cleft anomalies.

Findings:

• The study documents the second reported instance of bilateral first and second branchial cleft fistulas.
• This case contributes valuable data to the understanding of rare congenital neck anomalies.
• The findings underscore the importance of thorough examination in suspected familial cases.

Implications:

• This case report may aid clinicians in diagnosing and managing similar rare presentations.
• Further research into the genetic and developmental factors of bilateral branchial cleft anomalies is warranted.
• Understanding these rare anomalies can improve surgical planning and patient outcomes.