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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments02:36

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Combined electrostatics and hydrogen bonding determine intermolecular interactions between polyphosphoinositides.

Ilya Levental1, Andrejs Cebers, Paul A Janmey

  • 1Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Polyphosphoinositides (PPIs), like phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PIP 2), play crucial roles in cell signaling. This study reveals that PIP 2 organization is influenced by water-mediated hydrogen bonding and headgroup repulsion, impacting its cellular functions.

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Membrane biophysics

Background:

  • Membrane lipids, particularly polyphosphoinositides (PPIs), are critical regulators of cellular functions.
  • Phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PIP 2) is a key PPI involved in numerous signaling pathways.
  • The precise organization and regulation of PIP 2 in cell membranes remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the organizational principles of PIP 2 in a simplified membrane model.
  • To elucidate the factors influencing PIP 2 organization and its specific interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Langmuir monolayers to study purified PIP 2 and other phospholipids.
  • Investigated the effects of varying subphase conditions, including monovalent salts and chaotropic agents.
  • Analyzed changes in molecular area to infer organizational behavior.

Main Results:

  • Subphase monovalent salts significantly expanded PIP 2 monolayers at biologically relevant densities.
  • This expansion effect was specific to PIP 2 and independent of pH.
  • Chaotropic agents, disrupting water structure, also specifically expanded PIP 2 monolayers.

Conclusions:

  • PIP 2 organization is determined by a combination of water-mediated hydrogen bonding and headgroup repulsion.
  • These findings offer insights into the unique functional properties of PIP 2 compared to other anionic phospholipids.
  • Understanding PIP 2 organization is crucial for deciphering its role in cellular signaling.