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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
To address...
Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment01:19

Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment

Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
Design Example: Marking Boundaries of a Site Using a Compass01:12

Design Example: Marking Boundaries of a Site Using a Compass

Marking site boundaries using a compass is a precise surveying technique that ensures the accuracy of boundary delineation. The process begins by using provided site details, including the bearings and lengths of each boundary line. The initial step involves calculating latitudes and departures for all sides of the site. This computation verifies that the traverse is free of errors, ensuring a closed and accurate boundary.The process starts at a known point, such as Point A, which is often...
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
13:48

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility

Published on: August 8, 2014

Directed site exploration for permeable reactive barrier design.

Jejung Lee1, Andrew J Graettinger, John Moylan

  • 1Department of Geosciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. leej@umkc.edu

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|June 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Quantitatively Directed Exploration (QDE) improves groundwater remediation by guiding site characterization. This method reduces uncertainty, increasing the success probability of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs).

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

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Published on: August 8, 2014

Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores
09:32

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Published on: July 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Hydrogeology
  • Geotechnical Engineering

Background:

  • Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are utilized for in situ groundwater remediation under natural gradients.
  • Effective site characterization is crucial for the success of PRB installations.
  • Previous PRB failures highlight the need for improved site exploration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate a design-specific site exploration approach called Quantitatively Directed Exploration (QDE).
  • To illustrate how QDE can enhance site characterization and prevent remedial failures.
  • To emphasize the importance of integrating design specifics and site uncertainty into exploration planning.

Main Methods:

  • QDE utilizes three spatially related matrices: input parameter covariance, model output sensitivity, and model output covariance.
  • The approach identifies critical exploration locations by minimizing overall site uncertainty.
  • A case study at the Kansas City Plant was used to demonstrate the QDE methodology.

Main Results:

  • The QDE approach successfully identified a previously missed geologic body with high hydraulic conductivity.
  • Applying QDE during the design phase could have prevented the PRB failure at the Kansas City Plant.
  • Head uncertainty analysis within QDE effectively guided sampling towards zones of high hydraulic conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • QDE provides a systematic method for optimizing site exploration for PRB design.
  • Integrating site characterization uncertainty with specific PRB design is essential for successful remediation.
  • This approach increases the likelihood of successful in situ groundwater remediation projects.