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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

The Micturition Reflex

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

'Neurogenic' urinary tract dysfunction: don't overlook the bowel!

J Pannek¹, K Göcking, U Bersch

¹Department of Neuro-Urology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland. juergen.pannek@paranet.ch

|June 25, 2008

Summary

Massive constipation can rarely cause bladder dysfunction by compressing the urinary tract. Treating severe constipation may improve bladder function in patients with neurogenic bladder issues.

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Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons and Glia from Adult Rat Urinary Bladder

Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons and Glia from Adult Rat Urinary Bladder

Published on: May 23, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons and Glia from Adult Rat Urinary Bladder

Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons and Glia from Adult Rat Urinary Bladder

Published on: May 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Urology
Gastroenterology
Neurology

Background:

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is common in individuals with spinal cord injuries.
Colorectal dysfunction, particularly severe constipation, can exacerbate existing urinary issues.

Observation:

Two patients with paraplegia experienced acute deterioration in bladder function.
Evaluation revealed the urinary tract was compressed by a significantly distended colon due to severe constipation.

Findings:

Massive constipation can mechanically compress the urinary tract, leading to bladder dysfunction.
This compression can worsen pre-existing neurogenic bladder conditions.

Implications:

Clinicians should consider severe constipation as a potential cause of acute bladder dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injuries.
Addressing colorectal dysfunction through constipation treatment can improve bladder function and urinary outcomes.
This diagnosis is crucial in patients with new-onset upper or lower urinary tract obstruction, especially with longer durations post-spinal cord injury.