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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Vision for perception and vision for action: normal and unusual development.

Daniel D Dilks1, James E Hoffman, Barbara Landau

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, USA. dilks@mit.edu

Developmental Science
|June 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The dorsal (

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Visual processing is theorized to involve two distinct pathways: the dorsal stream (for guiding actions) and the ventral stream (for object recognition).
  • Understanding the developmental trajectory and vulnerability of these visual streams is crucial for diagnosing and addressing neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental course of the dorsal ('how') and ventral ('what') visual streams in typically developing children.
  • To examine how neurological conditions, specifically Williams syndrome, impact the development and function of these visual streams.

Main Methods:

  • A visually guided action task (posting a card into a slot) was used to assess the dorsal stream.
  • A visual perception task (matching a card to a slot's orientation) was employed to evaluate the ventral stream.

More Related Videos

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
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A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

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Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
07:09

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
09:47

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Published on: July 9, 2016

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
07:09

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

  • Performance was compared between typically developing children across different age groups and individuals with Williams syndrome.

    • Main Results:

    • All participants performed less accurately on the action task compared to the perception task.
    • The performance difference between the action and perception tasks was significantly greater in individuals with Williams syndrome and in younger (3-4 year old) typically developing children.
    • This suggests a relative developmental delay and increased vulnerability of the 'how' system.

    Conclusions:

    • The dorsal visual stream ('how' system) appears to be slower in its developmental timeline compared to the ventral visual stream ('what' system).
    • The 'how' system demonstrates greater susceptibility to disruption in neurological conditions like Williams syndrome and during early development.