Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Biological Framework for Parkinson's Disease: Advances in α-Synuclein-Centered Biomarkers and Staging.

Journal of neurochemistry·2026
Same author

MeAJOR: Merged email assets from joint open-source repositories.

Data in brief·2026
Same author

Non-Huntington's disease chorea: an expanding universe with acquired causes.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Revisiting the 2015 MDS diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease: insights from autopsy-confirmed cases.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2025
Same author

Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sydenham Chorea: Consensus Guidelines.

Pediatrics·2025
Same author

Visuospatial impairment in Parkinson's Disease: why we should keep an eye on it.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2025
Same journal

Visual Impairment and Driving in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Current treatment options in neurology·2026
Same journal

Non-Cognitive Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Likely Impact on Patient Outcomes. A Scoping Review.

Current treatment options in neurology·2026
Same journal

Update on the Treatment of Autonomic Disorders.

Current treatment options in neurology·2025
Same journal

Primary Progressive Aphasia Treatment: Current Treatment Options in Neurology Article Topic: Management of Primary Progressive Aphasia.

Current treatment options in neurology·2025
Same journal

Emerging Principles for Treating Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD).

Current treatment options in neurology·2025
Same journal

Diagnosis and Management of Progressive Corticobasal Syndrome.

Current treatment options in neurology·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Sydenham's Chorea.

Francisco Cardoso1

  • 1Francisco Cardoso, MD, PhD Movement Disorders Unit - Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais Medical School, Av Pasteur 89/1107, 30150-290 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil. cardosofe@terra.com.br.

Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|June 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sydenham's chorea (SC), a childhood rheumatic fever manifestation, is diagnosed clinically. Treatment includes valproic acid, risperidone, or immunosuppressants, with cardiac evaluation and streptococcal prophylaxis essential for managing this acute chorea.

More Related Videos

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
06:45

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 4, 2021

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
05:51

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 14, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
06:45

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 4, 2021

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
05:51

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sydenham's chorea (SC) is a neurological manifestation of acute rheumatic fever (ARF).
  • While SC incidence has decreased, it remains the primary cause of acute chorea in children globally and in the US.
  • Diagnosis lacks specific markers, relying on clinical history and excluding other causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, clinical features, and management of Sydenham's chorea.
  • To highlight the importance of cardiac evaluation and long-term management strategies for SC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Sydenham's chorea diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment options.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic guidelines and evidence for various interventions.
  • Emphasis on differential diagnosis and ruling out alternative causes of chorea.

Main Results:

  • SC presents with prominent motor signs (chorea) and non-motor symptoms like OCD and ADHD.
  • First-line treatment involves valproic acid; risperidone or haloperidol are alternatives for severe cases.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy shows promise for refractory cases; plasmapheresis and IVIG are experimental.
  • Cardiac evaluation is crucial due to ARF-related morbidity, and streptococcal prophylaxis is necessary for recurrent ARF risk.

Conclusions:

  • Sydenham's chorea requires a comprehensive approach combining neurological and cardiologic assessments.
  • Effective management involves tailored pharmacotherapy and preventive measures against recurrent rheumatic fever.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to minimizing long-term complications, particularly cardiac involvement.