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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Videos

Phrynoderma: a forgotten entity in a developed country.

M W Chia1, Y K Tay, T T Liu

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore. chia_min_wee@yahoo.com.sg

Singapore Medical Journal
|June 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Phrynoderma, a skin condition linked to vitamin A deficiency, presents as follicular hyperkeratosis. This case highlights its occurrence in a nursing home resident with malnutrition, emphasizing the need for awareness in at-risk populations.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Phrynoderma is a follicular hyperkeratosis often associated with nutritional deficiencies, particularly vitamin A deficiency.
  • It is more commonly observed in South and East Asian populations.

Observation:

  • A case report of a 31-year-old mentally deficient male residing in a nursing home.
  • The patient presented with hyperkeratotic follicular papules on his trunk.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited low serum vitamin A levels and signs of malnutrition.
  • This presentation is consistent with phrynoderma.

Implications:

  • Phrynoderma is rarely reported in Singapore but poses a risk to institutionalized individuals, those with malabsorption, and eating disorders.
  • Consider phrynoderma in the differential diagnosis of hyperkeratotic folliculitis, especially in malnourished patients.