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Concomitant field terms for asymmetric gradient coils: consequences for diffusion, flow, and echo-planar imaging.

C Meier1, M Zwanger, T Feiweier

  • 1Bruker BioSpin MRI, Rudolf-Plank-Strasse 23, Ettlingen, Germany. christian.meier@bruker-bio-spin.de

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|June 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Asymmetric gradient coils in MRI generate unwanted magnetic fields, causing significant artifacts. This study presents a method to account for and correct these concomitant fields in various imaging techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Electromagnetism
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Maxwell equations predict that linear field gradients produce additional spatially dependent field components.
  • The asymmetry of gradient coils can lead to pronounced artifacts in MRI.
  • Modern MR systems with strong gradients necessitate consideration of concomitant fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe Maxwell field terms accounting for gradient coil asymmetry.
  • To theoretically and experimentally demonstrate zeroth and first-order concomitant fields from asymmetric coils.
  • To compensate for artifacts in MRI techniques caused by concomitant fields.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a theoretical description of Maxwell field terms for asymmetric gradient coils.
  • Conducting experimental validation of generated concomitant fields.
  • Applying the developed formalism to correct artifacts in echo planar imaging (EPI) and phase contrast imaging.

Main Results:

  • Asymmetric coils generate zeroth and first-order concomitant fields, unlike symmetric coils.
  • These concomitant fields induce significant artifacts, including image and echo shifts, and phase shifts.
  • Experimental compensation for observed artifacts in standard EPI, diffusion-weighted EPI, and flow quantification was successful.

Conclusions:

  • The asymmetry of gradient coils is a critical factor influencing artifact generation in MRI.
  • Understanding and accounting for concomitant fields are essential for accurate imaging on modern MR systems.
  • The presented formalism provides a method for artifact compensation in various MRI sequences.