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Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

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A Pipeline to Characterize Structural Heart Defects in the Fetal Mouse

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[Atrioventricular septal defect. Anatomopathologic study and embryological correlation].

Magdalena Kuri Nivon¹, Edith Martínez Martínez, Luis Muñoz Castellanos

¹Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, México, DF.

Archivos De Cardiologia De Mexico

|June 28, 2008

Summary

Atrioventricular septal defects involve complex congenital heart disease with deficient septation. Delayed atrioventricular cushion development is the key cause of this spectrum of heart malformations.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Developmental Biology
Pathology

Background:

Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a complex congenital heart disease characterized by deficient cardiac septation.
This condition particularly affects the atrioventricular and ventricular levels of the heart.
Understanding its pathogenesis is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the anatomopathologic experience with AVSD at the National Institute of Cardiology.
To establish an anatomo-embryological correlation to elucidate the pathogenesis of AVSD.
To analyze the spectrum of anatomical variations in AVSD.

Main Methods:

Morphological analysis of 70 human hearts using the sequential segmentary system.
Determination of atrial situs, cardiac segment connections, septa, septal defects, ventricular geometry, fibrous skeleton, and associated anomalies.
Histological analysis of chick embryonic hearts compared with human heart development stages for embryological correlation.

Main Results:

Seventy hearts exhibited a common atrioventricular valve; five had two separated atrioventricular valves.
Ventricular septal defects were open in the common valve type and closed in the separated valve type.
AVSD presents as a broad spectrum of anatomical variations.

Conclusions:

Morphological knowledge of AVSD is vital for understanding its physiopathology, clinical diagnosis, and surgical management.
Delayed development of the atrioventricular cushions is emphasized as the primary pathogenetic explanation for AVSD.
This study provides insights into the complex anatomy and developmental origins of atrioventricular septal defects.