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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
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Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
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The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...

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Short term synaptic depression model--analytical solution and analysis.

Joanna Mazurkiewicz1, Jarosław Zygierewicz, Mikołaj Korzyński

  • 1Institute of Experimental Physics, Department of Biomedical Physics, Warsaw University, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland. asia@fuw.edu.pl

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This study presents analytical solutions for synaptic plasticity, revealing how paired pulse depression in neocortical synapses impacts information coding. The findings suggest rate-coding is possible even with synaptic depression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity, specifically paired pulse depression, is crucial for information processing in the brain.
  • The TM-model is a common model for describing synaptic dynamics, but its analytical solutions are not always straightforward.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive analytical solutions for the TM-model of synaptic plasticity.
  • To analyze paired pulse depression and its dependence on model parameters.
  • To investigate the impact of synaptic depression on neural information coding.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of solutions for single and pair pulse time evolution in the TM-model.
  • Equivalence established between the TM-model and a three-state receptor-desensitization model.
  • Sensitivity analysis of synaptic depression to model parameters.

Main Results:

  • Analytical form of paired pulse depression measure derived for the TM-model.
  • Identified relative importance of parameters influencing synaptic depression.
  • Demonstrated that synaptic depression does not preclude rate-coding in certain neocortical synapses.

Conclusions:

  • The derived analytical solutions facilitate model fitting to experimental data.
  • Fitted parameters predict postsynaptic current properties.
  • Rate-coding is feasible at higher frequencies in specific neural connections, even with synaptic depression.