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The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

The Benthic Exchange of O₂, N₂ and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

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Deep drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure.

G S Gohn¹, C Koeberl, K G Miller

¹U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA. ggohn@usgs.gov

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 28, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure reveals its geologic, hydrologic, and biologic history. The impact

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Area of Science:

Geology
Impact Cratering
Paleontology

Background:

The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure provides a unique window into extraterrestrial impact events.
Understanding the structure's evolution is crucial for regional geological and hydrological assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

To reconstruct the geologic, hydrologic, and biologic history of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure.
To analyze the impact-melt formation, crater collapse, and ocean-water resurge.
To assess the long-term effects of impact cratering on sedimentation and groundwater resources.

Main Methods:

Stratigraphic and petrologic analyses of core samples from a 1.76-kilometer-deep borehole.
Comparative analysis of post-impact sedimentary sequences.

Main Results:

Detailed timing and distribution of impact melt, transient cavity collapse, and ocean-water resurge.
Crater fill compaction significantly influenced mid-Atlantic sedimentation patterns.
Residual salty connate water in the crater poses a threat to groundwater; microbial populations show complex impact-related history.

Conclusions:

The Chesapeake Bay impact structure's fill has profoundly shaped regional geology and hydrology.
The impact event caused significant thermal sterilization and habitat modification, followed by microbial repopulation.
Ongoing presence of saline water highlights potential long-term environmental risks.