Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: observations from a university hospital in saudi arabia

Thirty cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) seen at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar over a period of eight years, were analysed with respect to clinical features, laboratory investigations, radiological findings, complications and outcome. There were 13 males and 17 females with a mean age of 45 yrs + 10.1 (range 16-65 years). There was positive family history of renal disease in 17 cases. At the time of presentation, 27 cases had abdominal pain. The other features noted were hematuria (20 cases), polyuria (10 cases), urinary tract infection (22 cases), headache (9 cases), uremia (7 cases) and nephrolithiasis (5 cases). Bilaterally palpable kidneys were present in all cases. Hypertension (17 cases) was the next common clinical finding. Other clinical features noted were hepatomegaly (5 cases) and mitral valve prolapse (5 cases). Twenty-one patients had cysts in liver and five had cysts in spleen. Varying degrees of renal failure were seen in 15 cases. Six (20%) patients progressed to end stage renal disease during the period of observation.