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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Published on: June 28, 2018

Human metapneumovirus: an emerging respiratory pathogen.

Joseph P Mazzoncini1, Christopher B Crowell, Christopher S Kang

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Fort Lewis, Washington, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging respiratory virus causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Understanding hMPV is crucial for emergency medicine, especially concerning potential complications like bacterial pneumonia and asthma exacerbations.

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Published on: December 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging respiratory virus.
  • It is a significant cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children.
  • hMPV has not been widely reported in emergency medicine literature.

Observation:

  • A case of a 13-month-old child with hMPV infection is presented.
  • The child developed lobar pneumonia three weeks post-diagnosis.
  • This highlights potential delayed complications of hMPV.

Findings:

  • hMPV is associated with significant respiratory illness.
  • Coinfection with other viruses like RSV can increase disease severity.
  • Complications include bacterial pneumonia, asthma, and COPD exacerbations.

Implications:

  • Increased awareness of hMPV in emergency departments is needed.
  • Early diagnosis and management can improve patient outcomes.
  • Further research into hMPV epidemiology and complications is warranted.