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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

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Published on: December 27, 2016

Akt signaling: a damaging interaction makes good.

Alex Toker1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. atoker@bidmc.harvard.edu

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

DNA-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates Akt at Ser473, a crucial step for cellular survival. This novel mechanism activates survival pathways in response to DNA damage in cells and mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • DNA Damage Response

Background:

  • Phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 is vital for activating cellular survival pathways.
  • The precise mechanism of Akt Ser473 phosphorylation during DNA damage response is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate a novel mechanism for Akt activation in response to DNA-damaging insults.
  • To investigate the role of DNA-dependent protein kinase in Akt phosphorylation at Ser473.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted on cells and mice exposed to DNA-damaging agents.
  • Investigated the mediation of Akt Ser473 phosphorylation by DNA-dependent protein kinase at DNA double-strand break sites.

Main Results:

  • Identified DNA-dependent protein kinase as the mediator of Akt Ser473 phosphorylation at sites of DNA double-strand breaks.
  • Demonstrated that this phosphorylation event initiates a transcriptional program promoting cell survival.

Conclusions:

  • A novel pathway for Akt activation involving DNA-dependent protein kinase has been uncovered.
  • This mechanism is critical for cellular survival following DNA damage, highlighting a new therapeutic target.