Cervical neoplasia in pregnancy. Part 2: current treatment of invasive disease

Although the incidence of cervical cancer in the United States has declined sharply, many young women are diagnosed with the disease every year. Naturally, coincident pregnancies will occur in this subset of reproductively active patients. Although the treatment of cervical cancer has evolved under the drive of multicenter, randomized trials, the same level of evidence does not exist for the treatment of this malignancy in pregnancy. Treatment algorithms are therefore proposed as a series of modifications to the guidelines intended for the nonpregnant patient, taking into account the tremendous social, ethical, and emotional dilemmas specific to each trimester at presentation.