Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Divergence in poxvirus-encoded E3-like proteins can dictate poxvirus activation of cellular necroptosis.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

Cancer immunotherapy with oncolytic myxoma virus.

Advances in cancer research·2026
Same author

Poxvirus attack of antiviral defense pathways unleashes an effector-triggered NF-κB response.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Virus-derived serpin reduces immuno-coagulopathic damage in murine colitis by targeting the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and complement.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

The Role of Myxoma Virus Immune Modulators and Host Range Factors in Pathogenesis and Species Leaping.

Viruses·2025
Same author

Effect of Exportin 1/XPO1 Nuclear Export Pathway Inhibition on Coronavirus Replication.

Viruses·2025
Same journal

Transcriptional regulation of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer.

Advances in virus research·2026
Same journal

Viral threats to pregnancy: Global health risks in the era of pandemics.

Advances in virus research·2026
Same journal

Transforming crop protection: The role of RNAi in mitigating barley yellow dwarf virus and aphid infestation in cereal crops.

Advances in virus research·2025
Same journal

Vertical transmission of tomato viruses.

Advances in virus research·2025
Same journal

Consequences of seed transmission for plant virus emergence.

Advances in virus research·2025
Same journal

The significance of studying high-consequence pathogens in their natural reservoirs.

Advances in virus research·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection
09:25

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

Poxvirus host range genes.

Steven J Werden1, Masmudur M Rahman, Grant McFadden

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Advances in Virus Research
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poxviruses possess broad host ranges due to viral proteins called host range factors. These factors manipulate host cell signaling pathways, enabling virus replication across diverse cell types and species.

More Related Videos

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2
10:55

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3
07:35

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Published on: April 13, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection
09:25

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2
10:55

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3
07:35

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Published on: April 13, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Poxviruses exhibit a broad host range, replicating in various cell types.
  • Viral tropism depends on intracellular factors and manipulation of host signaling, not cell surface receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of poxvirus host range factors.
  • To explore how these factors manipulate host signaling pathways to expand tropism.
  • To highlight the potential for discovering novel pathogen-host interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of poxvirus host range genes and factors.
  • Analysis of known mechanisms of host cell signaling manipulation.
  • Summary of functional characterization of identified host range factors.

Main Results:

  • Poxvirus host range factors are viral proteins encoded by large genomes.
  • These factors target diverse cellular pathways, including kinases, phosphatases, apoptosis, and antiviral responses.
  • Only a few poxvirus host range genes have been identified and functionally characterized.

Conclusions:

  • Poxvirus host range factors are key to viral tropism and replication.
  • Understanding these factors can reveal novel pathogen-host protein interactions.
  • Further research into these factors is crucial for understanding poxvirus biology.