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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

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The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Gastrointestinal involvement in polyarteritis nodosa.

Ellen C Ebert1, Klaus D Hagspiel, Michael Nagar

  • 1Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. ebertec@umdnj.edu

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis affecting medium arteries. Treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide improves survival rates for PAN, including cases linked to the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotizing vasculitis of medium-sized arteries.
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with approximately 7% of PAN cases, a decrease from previous rates.
  • Gastrointestinal and liver involvement are common in PAN, presenting with symptoms like abdominal pain and potentially leading to serious complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), including its association with Hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • To outline the diagnostic features and characteristic findings of PAN.
  • To review current treatment strategies and patient outcomes for PAN.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and its association with Hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including imaging (angiography, CT angiography) and tissue biopsy.
  • Summary of treatment protocols for both HBV-related and non-HBV PAN.

Main Results:

  • Microaneurysms on imaging are characteristic but not exclusive to PAN.
  • Tissue biopsy can confirm PAN, though segmental involvement may pose diagnostic challenges.
  • Treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide has significantly improved outcomes, with a 1-year survival rate of approximately 85%.

Conclusions:

  • PAN is a serious vasculitis requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
  • Treatment strategies involving corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange, and antiviral agents have enhanced patient survival.
  • The decline in HBV-associated PAN highlights the impact of vaccination and blood product screening.