Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fed-Batch Culture01:23

Fed-Batch Culture

Fed-batch culture is a widely used bioprocessing strategy combining aspects of batch culture with controlled substrate feeding to optimize cell growth and product formation. In this semi-closed system, nutrients are strategically added during fermentation, while the accumulated products and biomass remain within the bioreactor until the end of the operation. This controlled addition of substrates allows for better management of growth kinetics, nutrient limitation, and metabolite...
Batch vs Continuous Culture01:14

Batch vs Continuous Culture

Fermentation is a foundational biotechnological process used to produce pharmaceuticals, biofuels, enzymes, and food additives. Among industrial strategies, batch and continuous fermentation are the two most widely applied. Although both rely on microbial conversion of substrates into desired products, they differ markedly in operation, productivity, and suitability for specific applications.Batch fermentation occurs in a closed system in which nutrient media and inoculum are added at the...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Childhood trauma and longitudinal clinical outcomes in bipolar affective disorder: a systematic review.

East Asian archives of psychiatry : official journal of the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists = Dong Ya jing shen ke xue zhi : Xianggang jing shen ke yi xue yuan qi kan·2025
Same author

Case report: A rare case of extravesical, extraperitoneal metastasis after transuretheral resection of urothelial carcinoma.

Urology case reports·2019
Same author

The influence of surgical factors on dislocation of the meniscal bearing after Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement: a case-control study.

The bone & joint journal·2014
Same author

Evaluation of anatomical landmark position differences between respiration-gated MRI and four-dimensional CT for radiation therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The British journal of radiology·2012
Same author

The radiological parameters correlated with the alignment of the femoral component after Oxford phase 3 unicompartmental knee replacement.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume·2012
Same author

Assessment of Physical Activity Level among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Cheras Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur.

Malaysian journal of nutrition·2012
Same journal

Microbial Hydrolysates as Amino Acid Source in Cell Culture Media for Cellular Agriculture.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

LLM-Guided Parameter Optimization for Mechanistic CHO Cell Bioreactor Models.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Three-Dimensional-Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds Coated With a Paeonol-Incorporated Gelatin/Bioactive Glass Composite Layer for Enhanced Osteogenic Performance.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Recent Progress in Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) Towards Enhanced Selectivity and Reduced Cytotoxicity by Molecular Engineering.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

mZVI-Enhanced Mixed Nitrogen Removal in Klebsiella oxytoca via Coordinated Electron Transfer and Metabolic Reprogramming.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Growth Model for Continuous Culture of a Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterium, Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus Strain TH-1.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production
08:37

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production

Published on: March 22, 2022

Simple nonsingular control approach to fed-batch fermentation optimization.

J M Modak1, H C Lim

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|January 5, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing fed-batch fermentation feed rates is challenging due to singular control issues. This study introduces a novel method using new state variables and culture volume for easier, gradient-based numerical solutions.

More Related Videos

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor
12:54

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor

Published on: September 12, 2013

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production
08:37

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production

Published on: March 22, 2022

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor
12:54

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor

Published on: September 12, 2013

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemical Engineering
  • Process Control
  • Fermentation Technology

Background:

  • Determining optimal feed rates in fed-batch fermentation is complex.
  • Traditional methods face challenges with singular control and state inequality constraints.
  • Large numbers of dynamic mass balance equations complicate existing models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a more tractable method for determining optimal feed rates in fed-batch fermentation.
  • To convert a singular control problem into a nonsingular one.
  • To enable numerical solutions using gradient-based techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel set of state variables.
  • Employed culture volume as the control variable.
  • Transformed the problem into nonsingular control with magnitude and rate constraints.

Main Results:

  • Successfully converted the singular control problem to a nonsingular one.
  • Demonstrated numerical solvability using a gradient-based technique.
  • Overcame difficulties associated with singular control problems in fermentation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method simplifies the optimization of fed-batch fermentation feed rates.
  • This approach offers a practical solution for complex fermentation processes.
  • The technique is illustrated with examples, showing its applicability.