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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
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The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation01:09

Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation

In mass spectrometry, the fragmentation of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones generally occurs through three key mechanisms: α-cleavage, inductive cleavage, and the McLafferty rearrangement.
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

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Roaming dynamics in acetone dissociation.

Vasiliy Goncharov1, Nuradhika Herath, Arthur G Suits

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photodissociation of acetone at 230 nm reveals two distinct pathways. A novel roaming mechanism, similar to formaldehyde, accounts for 15% of carbon monoxide fragments, producing cold CO and excited ethane.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Molecular Dynamics
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Acetone photodissociation dynamics are crucial for understanding chemical reactions.
  • Previous studies have focused on stepwise bond cleavage mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the photodissociation dynamics of acetone at 230 nm.
  • To identify and characterize distinct dissociation pathways.
  • To explore the presence of a roaming mechanism in acetone photolysis.

Main Methods:

  • DC slice imaging was used to study acetone photodissociation.
  • Detection of carbon monoxide (CO) photoproducts was performed via specific electronic transitions.
  • A novel Doppler-free method utilizing velocity map imaging was employed to determine rotational populations.

Main Results:

  • A bimodal translational energy distribution of CO fragments indicated two dissociation pathways.
  • One pathway showed high translational energy and rotational excitation, consistent with stepwise cleavage.
  • A second pathway yielded rotationally cold CO with low translational energy, suggesting a roaming mechanism (approx. 15% of CO).

Conclusions:

  • Acetone photodissociation at 230 nm proceeds via at least two distinct mechanisms.
  • Evidence supports an analogous roaming dissociation mechanism, similar to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
  • The roaming pathway produces rotationally cold CO and highly vibrationally excited ethane, potentially undergoing secondary decomposition.