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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
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Fast mapping by bilingual preschool children.

Pui Fong Kan1, Kathryn Kohnert

  • 1University of Minnesota, MN, USA. kanx0004@umn.edu

Journal of Child Language
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Bilingual preschoolers’ word learning (fast mapping) was not linked to age or vocabulary size, unlike in monolinguals. However, skills across Hmong (L1) and English (L2) showed cross-language connections.

Area of Science:

  • Child Language Acquisition
  • Bilingualism Research
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Monolingual children's fast mapping skills correlate with age and vocabulary.
  • Bilingual development presents unique linguistic challenges and learning pathways.
  • Understanding bilingual children's word learning is crucial for educational and clinical practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between fast mapping, age, and vocabulary in bilingual preschoolers.
  • To compare fast mapping and vocabulary performance in the first language (L1) and second language (L2).
  • To investigate cross-language influences on word learning in young bilinguals.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-six typically developing Hmong-English bilingual preschoolers (ages 3-5) participated.

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  • Standardized tasks assessed vocabulary knowledge and fast mapping abilities in both L1 (Hmong) and L2 (English).
  • Statistical analyses explored correlations between age, vocabulary, and fast mapping within and across languages.

    • Main Results:

    • Vocabulary scores were similar in L1 and L2; fast mapping scores were slightly higher in L1.
    • Contrary to findings in monolinguals, fast mapping did not correlate with age or vocabulary size in either language.
    • Significant cross-language correlations were found between L1 fast mapping and L2 vocabulary.

    Conclusions:

    • The developmental trajectory of fast mapping in bilingual children may differ from monolingual peers.
    • Age and vocabulary size may not be primary predictors of fast mapping in early bilinguals.
    • Interactions between L1 and L2 influence word learning processes in bilingual preschoolers.