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Updated: Jul 4, 2026
Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
Published on: January 11, 2016
[Pectoralis major flaps. Evolution of their use in the age of microvascularized flaps]
David Virós Porcuna1, Xavier León Vintró, Monserrat López Vilas
1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. España. Dviros@santpau.es
Introduction:
Oncological head and neck surgery has progressed with the possibility of adapting reconstruction to the surgery effected. In the last 30 years, two basic techniques have been developed: the pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PMMF) and microvascularized flaps. PMMF had a leading role in reconstruction surgery during the 1980s, but this has subsequently diminished in favour of microvascularized flaps.
Material And Method:
A review was conducted on 351 reconstructive surgeries in 317 patients, of which 275 were PMMF and 76 free flaps. We analyzed age, gender, flap type, indication, and year of the surgery in all cases.
Results:
34 % of the revised flaps were used for reconstruction of the hypopharynx, 33 % for the oropharynx, 21 % for soft tissues, and 12 % for the repair of pharyngocutaneous fistulae. At our hospital, the introduction of the free flap technique from 2001 on has led to an increase in the use of reconstructive procedures as well as the replacement of PMMF by microvascularized flaps in a number of indications.
Conclusions:
In this age of microvascularized flaps, we believe that PMMF still has a privileged role in the repair of hypopharynx and cervical lesions. However, in such locations as the oral cavity or oropharynx and in facial soft- tissue reconstruction we prefer the use of microvascularized flaps.
