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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

Understanding the solid-state behaviour of triglyceride solid lipid extrudates and its influence on dissolution.

Maike Windbergs1, Clare J Strachan, Peter Kleinebudde

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Solid lipid extrusion using triglycerides offers tailored drug dissolution. Controlling lipid polymorphic behavior during processing is crucial for stable oral dosage forms.

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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Triglycerides are promising excipients for oral dosage forms.
  • Understanding lipid solid-state behavior during processing is essential for reproducible drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solid-state behavior of monoacid triglycerides during extrusion.
  • To correlate processing parameters with lipid polymorphic transitions and drug dissolution.
  • To assess the stability of drug-loaded lipid extrudates.

Main Methods:

  • Extrusion of monoacid triglycerides below their melting temperatures.
  • Physical characterization using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), and vibrational spectroscopy.
  • Dissolution testing of a model drug incorporated into the extrudates.

Main Results:

  • Extrusion temperature and friction significantly influenced lipid polymorphic behavior.
  • Polymorphic transitions, particularly the crystallization of the beta-form, affected drug dissolution rates.
  • Tailor-made dissolution profiles were achieved by varying triglyceride fatty acid chain lengths.
  • The solid-state form of the model drug remained stable after 10 months of accelerated storage.

Conclusions:

  • Triglyceride extrusion is a viable method for creating oral dosage forms with controlled drug release.
  • Monitoring and understanding lipid solid-state behavior are critical for developing stable and reproducible triglyceride-based drug delivery systems.
  • Fatty acid chain length is a key factor in determining drug dissolution rates from lipid extrudates.