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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Published on: January 12, 2024

Quantification of wrist joint laxity.

Carolien J van Andel¹, Wendy B M Roescher, Marlijn F Tromp

¹Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. cj.vanandel@vumc.nl

The Journal of Hand Surgery

|July 2, 2008

Summary

Quantifying wrist laxity is challenging, as clinical assessments and current reference tests are unreliable. New methods are needed for objective measurement of wrist laxity to understand its link to chronic wrist pain.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

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Published on: January 12, 2024

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Published on: November 9, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Biomechanics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Chronic wrist pain can be linked to wrist laxity.
Objective quantification of wrist laxity is needed to investigate this connection.
Current methods for assessing wrist laxity lack reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate existing methods for quantifying wrist laxity.
To compare clinical judgment (index test) with established reference tests.
To determine if wrist laxity can be reliably measured.

Main Methods:

Fifty healthy women without wrist complaints were assessed.
Clinicians rated wrist laxity on a 1-5 Likert scale.
Reference tests included passive range of motion (Garcia-Elias), general hypermobility (Beighton), and active range of motion.

Main Results:

Clinician assessments showed low inter-rater reliability.
Correlation between clinicians and reference tests (Garcia-Elias, Beighton) was significant but low.
Reference tests showed moderate correlation with each other, suggesting they measure mobility rather than laxity.

Conclusions:

Clinical assessment is not a satisfactory method for quantifying wrist laxity.
Existing reference tests are unsuitable for laxity quantification and may measure mobility.
Developing a standardized measurement device for wrist translation is recommended for objective laxity scoring.