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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Pulse Assessment Sites

Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Imaging of tibialis posterior dysfunction.

A Kong1, A Van Der Vliet

  • 1Regional Imaging Border, 3 Ramsay Place, Albury, New South Wales 2640, Australia. andrew_kong@hotmail.com

The British Journal of Radiology
|July 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Tibialis posterior dysfunction, a common ankle tendon injury in middle-aged females, leads to acquired flat feet. Understanding its causes and imaging findings aids diagnosis and management to prevent deformity.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • Tibialis posterior dysfunction is a progressive condition resulting from injury to the tibialis posterior tendon.
  • It is the most common ankle tendon disorder, frequently affecting middle-aged females and leading to acquired pes planus (flat feet).
  • Proposed causes include degenerative, inflammatory, functional, and post-traumatic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the anatomical and biomechanical factors contributing to tibialis posterior dysfunction.
  • To highlight the spectrum of abnormalities detectable via imaging modalities.
  • To emphasize the radiologist's role in diagnosing key structure injuries and informing management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical and biomechanical considerations in tibialis posterior dysfunction.

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  • Analysis of imaging findings (plain radiographs, ultrasound, MRI) associated with the condition.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with clinical presentation and potential etiologies.

    • Main Results:

    • Tibialis posterior tendon failure causes stress on the spring and sinus tarsi ligaments.
    • Imaging reveals diverse abnormalities, including malalignment, anatomical variants, enthesopathic, and tendinopathic changes.
    • Radiographic and advanced imaging findings are crucial for diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of tibialis posterior dysfunction is essential for accurate diagnosis.
    • Radiologists can identify key structural injuries and provide prognostic insights.
    • This knowledge assists in developing management strategies to prevent progressive flat foot deformity.