Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but this inhibition is released...

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Testosterone therapy and the risk of atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular events in cis men with hypogonadism and trans men.

European journal of endocrinology·2025

Same author

Monoallelic pathogenic variants in LEPR do not cause obesity.

American journal of human genetics·2024

Same author

Open versus mini-invasive partial and radical nephrectomy complications: results from the French national health database.

BMC urology·2024

Same author

Complications leading to hospitalisation 12 months after brachytherapy or high-intensity focused ultrasound for localized prostate cancer: French national from the PMSI-MCO data, 2019 and 2020.

Clinical and translational radiation oncology·2024

Same author

Large-scale exome array summary statistics resources for glycemic traits to aid effector gene prioritization.

Wellcome open research·2024

Same author

Functional genetics reveals the contribution of delta opioid receptor to type 2 diabetes and beta-cell function.

Nature communications·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Physical activity and insulin sensitivity: the RISC study.

Beverley Balkau¹, Leila Mhamdi, Jean-Michel Oppert

¹INSERM 780, Villejuif, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France. beverley.balkau@inserm.fr

|July 2, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Total daily physical activity, not sedentary time or intensity, is key for insulin sensitivity. Higher overall activity levels significantly improve insulin sensitivity in adults, even those who are mostly sedentary.

More Related Videos

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Metabolic Health
Exercise Physiology
Endocrinology

Background:

Physical activity is a critical modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Physical activity influences type 2 diabetes risk primarily through its effects on insulin sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and insulin sensitivity.
To determine if different aspects of physical activity (total volume, sedentary time, light activity, intensity) independently predict insulin sensitivity.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study of 791 adults (346 men, 455 women) aged 30-60 years.
Insulin sensitivity assessed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.
Physical activity measured by accelerometry for a median of 6 days, analyzing total activity, sedentary time, light activity, and intensity.

Main Results:

Total physical activity demonstrated a significant association with insulin sensitivity in both men and women (P < 0.0001).
Sedentary time, light activity, and activity intensity showed associations with insulin sensitivity, but these lost significance after adjusting for total activity.
Total activity remained a significant predictor of insulin sensitivity even in the most sedentary individuals (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Accumulated daily physical activity is a primary determinant of insulin sensitivity.
Sedentary time, light activity, and moderate/vigorous activity bouts do not independently influence insulin sensitivity beyond the effect of total activity volume.