Glomerular albumin filtration through podocyte cell body in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic rat
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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
Published on: November 1, 2018
Akihiro Tojo1, Maristela Lika Onozato, Chagriya Kitiyakara
1Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. akitojo-tky@umin.ac.jp
Abstract:
It is an a priori concept that protein molecules including albumin are filtrated through the slit membrane between the foot processes of podocytes. However, foot processes are effaced and the number of slit membranes is reduced in nephrotic syndrome, suggesting another pathway of albumin filtration through the foot process cell body. Thus, we investigated the pathway of gold-and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled albumin filtration in the puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) model of nephrotic syndrome in the rat. PAN rats at day 7 with established nephrotic proteinuria were injected with 8-nm gold-labeled albumin and FITC-labeled albumin through the jugular vein followed by kidney fixation at 10 or 30 min. Goldlabeled albumin was accumulated in the paramesangial area and in the endosomes of glomerular endothelial cells of both control and PAN rats by electron microscopy. On the other hand, FITC-labeled albumin was detected between foot processes in the control but more in the podocyte cell body in the PAN rat. In conclusion, albumin will be filtrated through the decreased numbers of slit diaphragms; however, albumin can be also taken up in the podocyte, the mesangium, and the glomerular endothelium, suggesting that there might be other routes of glomerular albumin clearance in nephrotic syndrome.
Insights
In nephrotic syndrome, albumin filtration may bypass damaged podocyte slit membranes. Albumin uptake occurs in podocytes, mesangium, and endothelium, suggesting alternative kidney clearance routes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cell Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome is linked to podocyte foot process effacement.
- Reduced slit membranes suggest alternative pathways for albumin filtration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate albumin filtration pathways in a rat model of nephrotic syndrome.
- To explore alternative routes of albumin clearance beyond slit diaphragms.
Main Methods:
- Utilized puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) induced nephrotic syndrome in rats.
- Administered gold- and FITC-labeled albumin intravenously.
- Analyzed kidney tissue using electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy at 10 and 30 minutes post-injection.
Main Results:
- Gold-labeled albumin accumulated in paramesangial areas and endothelial cell endosomes in both control and PAN rats.
- FITC-labeled albumin was found between foot processes in controls, but predominantly within podocyte cell bodies in PAN rats.
- Evidence suggests albumin uptake in podocytes, mesangium, and glomerular endothelium in nephrotic rats.
Conclusions:
- Albumin filtration occurs through diminished slit diaphragms in nephrotic syndrome.
- Albumin uptake by podocytes, mesangium, and endothelium indicates alternative glomerular clearance routes.
- These findings challenge the sole reliance on slit membranes for albumin filtration in nephrotic conditions.
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