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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.

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Related Experiment Video

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Comparative Study of Simulation of Temperature Rise in Ring Main Unit
04:35

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Published on: July 5, 2024

Heat transfer simulation in solid substrate fermentation.

G Saucedo-Castañeda1, M Gutiérrez-Rojas, G Bacquet

  • 1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitans Iztapalapa, Depto. Biotecnología, AP 55-535, CP 09340, Mexico DF, Mexico.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|April 5, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A mathematical model simulates heat transfer in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). Conduction through the fermentation bed is the main resistance, informing better bioreactor design and control for metabolite production.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and biochemical engineering
  • Mathematical modeling and simulation
  • Fermentation technology

Background:

  • Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) is crucial for metabolite production but requires precise temperature control.
  • Heat generation and transfer are complex phenomena in SSF, impacting process efficiency and product yield.
  • Existing models often lack detailed heat transfer dynamics, limiting optimization strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a mathematical model for simulating heat generation and transfer in SSF.
  • To identify key factors influencing heat transfer resistance within the bioreactor.
  • To provide a basis for optimizing SSF processes and enabling automatic temperature control.

Main Methods:

  • A simplified pseudohomogeneous, monodimensional dynamic model was employed for energy balance calculations.
  • Kinetic equations for biomass formation, sugar consumption, and carbon dioxide production were integrated.
  • Experimental data from a 1-L static bioreactor with Aspergillus niger and cassava wet meal were used for model verification.
  • Biot and Peclet numbers were calculated to assess heat transfer characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicted experimental temperatures, validating its simulation capabilities.
  • Conduction through the fermentation bed was identified as the primary heat transfer resistance.
  • Biot (5-10) and Peclet (2550-2750) numbers indicated significant heat transfer limitations.
  • The study highlighted the potential for controlling temperature by adjusting air flow rates and water content.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model enhances understanding of transport phenomena in SSF.
  • Findings can guide the design of improved static bioreactor systems and temperature control strategies.
  • Dimensionless numbers serve as valuable scale-up criteria for industrial fermentors.
  • The model provides a foundation for automated control of SSF processes for metabolite production.