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Updated: Jul 4, 2026
07:54
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
[Sleep disordered breathing].
Zoran Dogas1, Maja Valić, Renata Pecotić
1Katedra za neuroznanost i znanstvenu metodologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Splitu. zdogas@bsb.mefst.hr
Lijecnicki Vjesnik
|July 3, 2008
Summary
Sleep apnea, a sleep-related breathing disorder, involves breathing cessation, oxygen drops, and nighttime awakenings. Early diagnosis and treatment, like CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea, improve symptoms and reduce health risks.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Medicine
- Neurology
Context:
- Sleep apnea encompasses breathing disorders during sleep, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA).
- These conditions are marked by breathing cessation, oxygen desaturation, and nighttime awakenings.
- Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) presents with daytime sleepiness without significant apneas or desaturation.
Purpose:
- To define sleep apnea and its subtypes: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Central Sleep Apnea (CSA), and Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS).
- To outline the serious health consequences associated with abnormal breathing during sleep.
- To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for sleep apnea.
Summary:
- Sleep apnea is a disorder causing breathing cessation, oxygen desaturation, and awakenings during sleep.
- OSA is linked to snoring and daytime sleepiness, while CSA involves reduced respiratory drive.
- Consequences include hypertension, cardiac disease, neurocognitive issues, and metabolic dysfunction.
Impact:
- Early diagnosis via polysomnography and questionnaires is crucial for effective management.
- Treatments for OSA, such as CPAP, oral appliances, and surgery, can alleviate symptoms.
- Prompt intervention improves patient outcomes and mitigates the development of serious comorbidities.
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NREM Sleep
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