Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Psychopharmacology

Background:

• Human research with classical hallucinogens (psychedelics) is experiencing a resurgence.
• Understanding the history and risks associated with hallucinogen administration is crucial.
• Psychedelics are physiologically safe and not associated with dependence, but pose psychological risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the history of human hallucinogen research.
• To outline the psychological risks of hallucinogen administration.
• To detail safeguards for minimizing these risks in research settings.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical data and existing literature on hallucinogen research.
• Identification and categorization of psychological risks, including 'bad trips' and prolonged psychoses.
• Description of safety protocols and screening procedures for participants.

Main Results:

• Hallucinogen administration carries psychological risks, primarily overwhelming distress ('bad trip') and less commonly, prolonged psychoses.
• Effective safeguards include rigorous volunteer screening (excluding those with psychiatric histories), thorough preparation, and supportive monitoring during sessions.
• Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder is a rare but important adverse reaction to monitor post-session.

Conclusions:

• Carefully conducted human research with psychedelics is essential for participant safety and the advancement of scientific understanding.
• Adherence to established safety guidelines minimizes risks, allowing for potential therapeutic applications in psychiatric disorders.
• Incautious research can endanger participants and hinder future scientific progress.