Media formulation influences in vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis on the European aspen Populus tremula L

The effect of various media formulations on in vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis of identified fungal strains with European aspen (Populus tremula L.) was tested in Petri dishes. Pre-grown seedlings were transferred to various nutrient media and inoculated with Paxillus involutus isolates using modified sandwich techniques. Mycorrhiza formation was evaluated macroscopically and further confirmed by microscopic examination of semi-thin sections for anatomical features of the mantle and the Hartig net. Standard media formulations did not support successful ectomycorrhiza formation because of either very poor plant survival (below 20%) or impaired fungal growth. The inclusion of micronutrients and vitamins in a Melin Norkrans (MMN)-based medium increased plant survival rate to above 60% and supported successful mycorrhizal synthesis. P. involutus isolates formed mycorrhizas with a characteristic Hartig net restricted to the epidermis. Mantle density and thickness varied depending on the isolate. In a follow-up experiment, the adapted medium supported successful ectomycorrhiza formation by various Laccaria and Hebeloma isolates. Our results show that an exogenous supply of vitamins and micronutrients in the medium was a prerequisite for successful mycorrhization of P. tremula in vitro in Petri dishes.