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Related Experiment Video

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Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment
05:40

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Published on: March 24, 2020

Refractive errors and ocular findings in children with intellectual disability: a controlled study.

Arsen Akinci1, Ozgur Oner, Ozlem Hekim Bozkurt

  • 1Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Diskapi Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. arsenakinci@yahoo.com

Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|July 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Children with intellectual disability have significantly more ocular issues, including refractive errors like astigmatism and hypermetropia. Early evaluation and treatment are crucial for improving their health and quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Intellectual disability (ID) is associated with various health challenges.
  • Ocular and refractive errors are common in the general pediatric population.
  • Limited research exists on the specific prevalence and types of ocular findings in children with ID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare ocular findings and refractive errors in children with intellectual disability versus controls.
  • To identify specific ocular conditions prevalent in different severity and syndromic categories of intellectual disability.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 724 children with intellectual disability and 151 controls.
  • Subjects with ID were categorized by IQ (mild, moderate, severe) and syndromic status.
  • Comprehensive eye examinations included cycloplegic autorefraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, and ocular alignment tests.

Main Results:

  • 77% of children with ID exhibited ocular findings, compared to 42.4% of controls.
  • Increased prevalence of nystagmus, strabismus, astigmatism, and hypermetropia in children with ID.
  • Syndromic ID and increasing severity of ID correlated with higher rates of these ocular conditions and anisometropia.

Conclusions:

  • Children with intellectual disability, particularly those with moderate, severe, or syndromic forms, require urgent ophthalmic evaluation.
  • Addressing these ocular issues can significantly improve patient outcomes and potentially reduce long-term healthcare costs.
  • Early intervention for refractive errors and ocular findings is vital for enhancing the productive lives of individuals with intellectual disability.