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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

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Published on: August 30, 2017

Photon upconversion in homogeneous fluorescence-based bioanalytical assays.

Tero Soukka¹, Terhi Rantanen, Katri Kuningas

¹University of Turku, Department of Biotechnology, Tykistökatu 6 A 6th floor, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. tero.soukka@utu.fi

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|July 4, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Upconverting phosphors (UCPs) offer superior fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays by eliminating autofluorescence. Upconversion FRET (UC-FRET) enables sensitive detection in complex samples, with future potential in advanced nanocrystal applications.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Upconverting phosphors (UCPs) are advantageous reporters for bioanalytical assays due to their large anti-Stokes shift and near-infrared to visible light conversion.
This unique property eliminates autofluorescence, a common limitation in traditional fluorescence-based assays.
UCPs serve as ideal donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, minimizing spectral crosstalk.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the fundamentals of upconversion FRET (UC-FRET) technology.
To describe the current applications of UC-FRET in bioanalytical assays.
To outline the future potential and expected advancements in UC-FRET.

Main Methods:

Utilizing UCPs as donors for FRET, leveraging their narrow-banded emission and excitation with near-infrared light.
Employing epifluorescence detection instrumentation with laser diode excitation for UC-FRET assays.
Investigating the application of UC-FRET in immunoassays, nucleic acid hybridization assays, and challenging biological samples like whole blood.

Main Results:

UC-FRET demonstrates favorable assay performance by eliminating autofluorescence and minimizing donor-acceptor crosstalk.
The technology is effective in optically complex samples, including whole blood.
Current applications span immunoassays and nucleic acid hybridization, with ongoing research in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals.

Conclusions:

UC-FRET offers a powerful approach for sensitive bioanalytical assays, overcoming limitations of conventional fluorescence methods.
Its compatibility with various sample types and instrumentation highlights its versatility.
Future developments, particularly with advanced nanocrystals, promise significant improvements in assay performance and broader applicability.